Incandescent electric lamp



Jan. 31, 1933. c. F. LORENZ INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP Filed Dec. 20, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORN EY Q INVENTOR -C.F. L o v BY f/i Jan. 31, 1933. c. F. LORENZ 1,395,887

INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP Filed Dec. 20, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 II M r! INVENTQR c 4, E/VZ ATTORNEY Jan. 31, 1933. c. F. LORENZ 1,895,887

INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP Filed Decf 20, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 III,

ATTORNEY Jan. 31, 1933. Q LORENZ 1,895,887

INCANDESCEN'I ELEC'I'R I C LAMP Filed Dec. 20, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 "lm llw Wm 'H' INVENTOR C. F. L OEE/VZ ATTORNEY Jan. 31, 1933. c. F. LORENZ INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP Filed Dec. 20, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR C. F. L a

ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 31, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES F. LORENZ, OF ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE LAM]? COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA INCAN DESCEN T ELECTRIC LAMP Application filed December 20, 1929. Serial no. 415,406.

This invention relates to incandescent electric lamps and more particularly relates to incandescent electric lamps of the pro ection type, wherein a concentrated light source comprised of an incandescent refractory metal filament operating at relatively high temperaturesis employed.

It is customary to mount this type of lamp in some sort of reflector housing from which is projected a concentrated beam of light in a preferred direction or upon a preferred obj ective. A marked disadvantage is that such a concentrated reflected beam of light is comprised in large part of red and infra-red rays commonly known as heat rays, and such a reflected beam of light is substantially heating to an object upomwhieh it is directed.

It is one of the objects of this invention to eliminate the red and infra-red rays from a rojected beam of light.

t is another object of this invention to provide a projection lamp which emits light rays substantially free of red and infra-red rays.

Another object of this invention is to provide a means for projecting a substantially cool beam of light.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent as the invention is more fully disclosed.

In accordance with the objects of my invention I obtain a substantially cool beam of light from a light source initiated from an incandescent refractory metal filament operating at relatively high temperatures, by passing the beam of light through a suitable filter which is absorptive to the infra red radiations in the light beam while being transparent to the light radiations thereof. The projected beam of light thereby obtained is substantially cool and of relatively high intensity.

In devising suitable apparatus for the development of my invention I have made use of the well known principle that some liquids and in particular water, absorb to a large extent infra red rays of from about 0.7 mu to about 3.0 mu wave length while being substantially transparent to visible or short wave light radiations from about 0.7 mu wave .length down to and including some of the ultra violet wave band. I may employ as fluid filtering mediums aqueous solutions of suitable compounds such as copper salts, alum and the like, to increase the absorptive power of the water in the infra-red region of the spectrum.

I have also adapted to use the phenomena that such liquids usually have an index of refraction for visible light which is sufficiently diiferent from unity, that a suitably shaped body thereof has an action similar to that of a glass lens in producing a convergence of light ra s.

Before further disclosing the nature of my invention reference should be made to the accompanying five sheets of drawings illustrating in Figs. 1-7 inclusive the various modifications of my invention.

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view partly in cross-section of one type lamp constructed in accordance with the objects of the present invention, showing projection lamp with light converging lens, and one type of light cooling means;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view partly in cross-section of a second type of projection lamp constructed in accordance with my invention, illustrating a different type of cool ing and light projection means;

Fig. 3 is a view taken on line III-III in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is 'aside elevational sectional view partly in cross section of a lamp similar in type to lamp disclosed in Fig. 2, illustrating a diflerent light reflecting means;

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view partly in cross section of a lamp with a difi'erent type of light cooling means;

Fig. 6 is a view taken on line VIVI in Fig. 5; and

Fig. 7 is a side elevational sectional view in cross section of a lamp showing the filament.'light cooling means and one type of exterior light reflecting means.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a lamp constructed in accordance with the present invention comprises essentially the features of a light radiating source 1 consisting of an incandescent refractory metal filament of the concentrated type, an enclosing glass envelope 2, a second enclosing glass envelope 3 spaced from the first glass envelope 2, an interposed fluid infra red ray absorbing filter medium 4, which in the present illustration is comprised of water, an exteriorly positioned light reflecting means 5, and means 6 for effecting a cooling of the ray absorbing filter medium 4 and a dissipation of the heat energy of infra red rays absorbed therein. To obtain a more complete absorption of the undesired heat rays and to extend the ray absorption of the device slightly into the visible so as to absorb some of the red rays, the outer enclosing glass envelope 3 may consist of glass suitably tinted blue.

The cooling means 6 in Fig. 1 is comprised substantially of a circulatory system whereby the heated filter medium 4. is caused to flow into a reservoir which is cooled by any desirable means such as by means of coils 8 through which a cooling fluid such as ice water, brine solution, etc., or it may be air cooled as by the use of honeycomb type radiator, with or without an air blast cooling.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the lamp comprising the light source 1 and the enclosing glass envelope 2 is mounted by means of the customary screw socket base arrangement 9 in an electrically insulating block 10 which is arranged to serve as a removable closure member for the lamp assembly, and the electrical conductors 11 and 12 leading from an external source of electrical energy not shown, connected in any convenient manner to the base 9 through the closure member 10. I

It is preferable to comprise the upper portion of the lamp assembly 13 of material of relatively greater strength and rigidity than glass, and to arrange the assembly so that the outer enclosing glass envelope 3 is removable or replaceable in case of fracture of the same. This can be done in any convenient manner such as is indicated at 14, elements 15 and 16 being comprised of rubber or similar type washers arranged to make water tight the union between metal element 13 and glass element 3.

Means are provided in the metal element 13 such as outlet 17, for the fluid filter medium 4 to circulate into the cooling system 6 by way of a suitable pipe line 18, and means comprising inlet 19 are also provided in the bottom of glass element 3 for the cooled fluid filter medium 4 to enter element 3 from cooling system 6 by way of suitable pipe line 20.

Means are also provided by way of brackets 21' and 22 for suitably mounting the assembly in any desired manner;

Upon incandescing filament 1 the radiations are compelled by reason of their enclosure within fluid medium 4 to pass directly through the medium before entering the atmosphere, so that substantially all of the infra-red rays thereof are absorbed and filtered out of the radiations and the radiations obtained thereby are substantially comprised solely of li ht radiations and are in effect cold light rays.

By properly positioning reflector 5 the rays may be projected in any desirable direction and the projected beam of light does not produce deleterious heating eflccts upon the object to which it is projected.

A second method of projecting the beam of light is indicated at 23 which comprises substantially a recessed portion of the envelope 2, which on becoming filled with the fluid medium 4, which in the present invention is comprised of water, concentrates or diffuses the beam of light from the light source 1, depending upon whether the lens is in the position shown in Fig. 1 or reversed. This effect is due to the fact that the index of refraction of the Water is less than unity and the body of water enclosed in the recess acts as a lens. v

There are many variations of the basic idea of the present invention some of which are set forth in the remaining Figures 2 to 7 inclusive.

Fig. 2 sets forth one modification wherein the water cooling means of Fig. 1 is replaced by an air radiating cooling means comprised substantially of a series of air cooled tubes 24 of relatively high heat conductivity such as co p per aluminium and the like through which the heated fluid medium & flows. The tubes are concentrically arranged about the reservoir 13.

The specific device set forth in Fig. 2 requires an additional feature comprising baflie 25 for directing the flow of the heated water to the circulatory means 24. The tubes carrying the water in this arrangement of parts is returned to the metal container 13 rather than to the bottom of the outer glass element 3 as in Fig. 1. An exterior light reflecting means 5 may be employed with or without the lens feature 23 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 illustrates in more detail the air cooled circulatory means of Fig. 2 and is a plan view taken along plane IIIIII in Fig. 2 showing the concentrically arranged air cooled tubes 24, baflie plate 25, enclosing glass envelope 2 and lead-in support wires 26 and 27 of the filament 1 (not shown.)

Fig. 4 is a modification of the arrangement of parts set forth in Fig. 2 in which the exterior reflector member 5 is arranged so as to project the light of the lamp downward. In this arrangement it has been found necessary to comprise the lower part 28 of bafiie 25 of a transparent material such as glass. The other cooperating elements are substantially the same as heretofore disclosed.

Fig. 5 sets forth a third modification of the present invention wherein instead of the water cooling or tube air cooled means of Figs. 1 and 2, the heated water filtering fluid 4 is conveyed by means of the baflle 25 to an uper chamber 29 which is substantially an enarged section of metal element member 13 in Fig. 1, from which project a series of relatively thin fins 30 concentrically arranged about the enlarged section 29, which are comprised of metal of high heat conductivity, the relative size and radiating area being proportioned with respect to the Sparticular heat dissipating efi'ect required. imilar li ht refleeting means 5 may be employed as in ig. 1.

Fig. 6 illustrates in more detail the constructional features of the device set forth in Fig. 5 and is a plan view taken along plane VIVI, showing the concentricall arranged heat radiating fins 30 integra with the wall of the container 29, orifices 31 serving to feed the heated water in chamber 29, into lower chamber 32.

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view of the present invention setting forth the elements thereof independently of the means for effecting a v cooling of the filter medium 4, and shows a 1i ht source 1, enclosed in a glass envelope 2, w ich in turn is centrally located within an enclosing glass envelope 3 substantially spaced therefrom, and in between the glass envelopes 2 and 3 is located the red and infra red filter medium4. Exterior light reflecting means 5 is provided.

From the above specifications and drawings it is apparent that there may be many variations and modifications of the specific embodiment thereof without departin essentially from the nature of the invention, and such modifications and departures are anticipated as fall within the scope of the following claims:

What is claimed is:

1. A projection lamp assembly comprising a bulb having a tubular heat conduit, a filament of the concentrated type in said bulb, a

casing to provide a surrounding chamber for said bulb and heat conduit, a fluid in said chamber surrounding said lamp, and means for circulating said fluid within said chamber and in contact with said bulb and heat conduit for the dissipation of heat.

2. A projection lamp assembly comprising a bulb having a tubular heat conducting passage for the circulation of hot gases, achamber of light transmittingmaterial surrounding said bulb and conducting passage and a fluid in said chamber for dissipating heat generated in said bulb.

3. A projection lamp comprising a bulb, a concentrated light source within said bulb, said bulb having a tubular heat conductive passage integral with and extending from said bulb for the circulation of heated gases,

. a housing comprised at least in part of light transmitting material to provide a chamber for a fluid in contact with said bulb and passage to disslpate heat and means for cooling said fluid when heated after passing through said chamber.

4. A projection lamp device comprising an outer light transmitting casing having a bulbous portion and a tubular casing extenpassage so as to provide a chamber therefor.

and a cooling medium in said chamber for dissipating heat from said bulb and passage. 6. A projection lamp assembly comprising a light source, a bulb for said light source,

said bulb having an elongated heat conduit for the circulation of heated gases, a casing surrounding said bulb and conduit so as provide a chamber therefor, a fluid in said chamber and means for causing a circulation of said fluid to lower the temperature of said bulb and conduit.

7. A projection lamp assembly comprising a light source, a bulb for said light source, said bulb having an integral tubular conduit for the circulation of heated gases, a casing surrounding said bulb and conduit so as to provide a chamber therefor, a reservoir for a cooling fluid, means for circulating said fluid about said bulb and conduit to lower the temperature thereof and means in said reservoir for cooling saidfluid.

8. A projection lamp assembly comprising a light source, a bulb for said light source, said bulb having an elongated tubular conduit for the circulation of heated gases, a casing surrounding said bulb and conduit so as to provide a chamber therefor, a reservoir for a cooling fluid, means for circulating said fluid about said bulb and conduit to dissipate heat and means without said chamber for dissipating heat from said fluid.

9. A projection lamp device comprising an outer light transmitting. casing having abulbous portion and a tubular portion, a

lamp having a bulb and a tubular extension an outer casing having a bulbous light transmitting portion and a chamber, a passage of relatively small transverse cross sectional area connecting said portion and chamber,

a lamp havin a bulb disposed in said bulbous portion 0% said casing a heat dissipating conduit integral with said bulb and extending through the passage in said casing and a cooling fluid in said casing surrounding said bulb and conduit.

11. A projection lamp device comprising an outer casing having a bulbous light transmitting portion and a chamber, a. passage of relatively small transverse cross sectional area connectingsaid portion and chamber, a lamp having a bulb disposed in said bulbous portion of said casing a heat dissipating conduit integral with said bulb and extending through the passage in said casing a cooling fluid in said casing surrounding said bulb and conduit and a bafiie surrounding said conduit for controlling the flow of said fluid between the bulbous portion of said casing and said chamber.

12. A projection lamp device comprising an outer casing having a bulbous light transmitting portion and a chamber, a passage of relatively small transverse cross sectional area connecting said portion and chamber, a lamp having a bulb disposed. in said bulbous portion of said casing, a heat dissipating conduit integral with said bulb and extending through the passage in said casing, a cooling fluid in said casing surrounding said bulb and conduit and means for controlling the flow of heated fluid between said bulbous portion and said chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 16th day of December 1929.

. CHARLES F. LORENZ. 

